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Specialty Spotlight: Internal Medicine—The Specialty That Lets Me Care for the Whole Patient

Leanne Hedges, DMSc, MMS, PA-C
Associate Program Director, PA Program

PA Assistant Director Leanne Hedges demonstrating a physical exam with a patient to two PA students

One of the aspects of the Physician Assistant profession that first attracted me to the field was the opportunity to practice in virtually any area of medicine. PA education is intentionally broad, providing a strong foundation across all body systems and patient populations. Whether you choose surgery, emergency medicine, pediatrics, cardiology, primary care, or countless other specialties, you carry that comprehensive medical knowledge with you throughout your career.

For me, that journey began in Emergency Medicine.

As a child, I was always drawn to the idea of helping people during some of the most vulnerable moments of their lives. Emergency Medicine provided exactly that. I spent four years in the Emergency Department, where I loved the intensity, high acuity, and procedural nature of the specialty. Every shift presented a new challenge. Patients arrived with undifferentiated complaints, and it was my responsibility to rapidly assess, diagnose, stabilize, and treat them.

Emergency Medicine challenged me to think quickly and draw upon everything I had learned in PA school. On any given day, I might evaluate chest pain, manage a fracture, perform a procedure, diagnose an infection, or recognize a life-threatening emergency. It was rewarding, exciting, and intellectually stimulating.

Yet over time, I found myself wanting to make an impact in a different way.

I wanted to continue using the full breadth of my medical knowledge, but I also longed for the continuity of care that only outpatient medicine can provide. I wanted to see what happened after the emergency department visit. I wanted to help patients not only during a crisis, but throughout their healthcare journey.

That desire led me to Internal Medicine, where I have practiced for the past 13 years.

What many people do not realize is that primary care and internal medicine require an incredibly broad knowledge base. As an internal medicine PA, I manage patients with conditions affecting every body system. I coordinate care among specialists, identify new diagnoses, manage chronic illnesses, provide preventive care, and determine when a patient can be safely managed as an outpatient versus when they require emergency evaluation or hospitalization.

Unlike the hospital setting, where laboratory results and imaging studies may be available within hours, or even minutes, outpatient medicine often requires a different type of clinical reasoning. We do not always have immediate access to diagnostic answers. Instead, we rely heavily on careful history taking, thorough physical examination skills, and thoughtful clinical judgment to determine the most likely diagnoses and safest next steps. Internal medicine clinicians must decide who can be managed as an outpatient, who requires further testing, and who needs urgent evaluation in the emergency department.

What I love most about internal medicine is the opportunity to build relationships with patients over time.

The most rewarding moments are often not tied to a single diagnosis or procedure. They come from developing trust and rapport. They come from listening carefully enough to understand not only a patient's symptoms, but also their goals, concerns, values, and barriers to care. They come from helping patients feel seen, heard, and valued.

I view healthcare as a partnership. My role is to bring clinical knowledge, experience, and guidance. My patients bring their lived experiences, priorities, and goals. Together, we create a plan that supports their health and well-being.

Internal medicine allows me to care for patients across a broad continuum from preventive care and health maintenance to complex chronic disease management. It allows me to witness progress, celebrate successes, navigate setbacks, and support patients through different stages of life. It reminds me every day that medicine is not only about treating disease, but also about caring for people.

Looking back, I am grateful for my time in Emergency Medicine and for everything it taught me. It sharpened my clinical skills, strengthened my ability to think under pressure, and reinforced the importance of teamwork. Internal medicine has allowed me to build upon those experiences while developing the long-term relationships that I value most.

The beauty of the PA profession is that there is no single path. For me, that path led from the fast-paced environment of the Emergency Department to the relationship-centered world of Internal Medicine. Both specialties challenged me to use the full scope of my PA education. Both allowed me to make meaningful differences in patients' lives.

And after 17 years as a PA, what I love most about internal medicine is still the same: forming relationships that help patients feel seen, heard, and valued, while empowering them to become active participants in their own health.

Leanne Hedges, DMSc, MMS, PA-C
Associate Program Director, PA Program