Students are listed in alphabetical order by last name and represent the following schools as indicated. Select the presentation title to read the project abstract. Please contact the individual presenter if you would like the Zoom link to the presentation.
These projects were conducted as part of academic courses/requirements. Any findings or opinions expressed are solely those of the student researchers.
- CLA College of Liberal Arts
- BSB Richard J. Bolte, Sr. School of Business
- ASE Anthony F. and Alice G. Agnone School of Education
- SSMT School of Science, Mathematics & Technology
The Structural Interaction and Importance of ASCC2 Binding with Ubiquitin Chains in Understanding Its Overall Effect
Abstract: Cells are constantly exposed to chemical agents that can modify RNA, disrupting its structure and interfering with normal cellular processes. To maintain proper function, cells rely on repair pathways that detect and resolve this damage, including a pathway involving the Activating Signal Cointegrator Complex (ASCC), a multi-protein complex identified as essential for repairing alkylation damage. Previous studies have shown that K63-linked ubiquitin chains recruit the ASCC complex to sites of damage, and that the ASCC2 subunit plays a key role in recognizing these ubiquitin signals, though the structural basis for this specificity remains unclear. In this study, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to investigate the structural interaction between ASCC2 and K63-linked diubiquitin in solution. SAXS data collected for ASCC2, diubiquitin, and the ASCC2–diubiquitin complex were converted into pair-distance distribution functions, revealing that ASCC2 adopts a compact conformation, while diubiquitin exhibits a more extended structure. The complex retains features of an extended arrangement, suggesting that ASCC2 binds without collapsing the diubiquitin chain. These findings support a model in which ASCC2 interacts with K63-linked ubiquitin in a specific and structurally distinct manner, and ongoing work aims to refine this model and further define the interaction interface.
Investigating the Incorporation of Trace Metals Within Harmful Algal Bloom Species M. aeruginosa and A. variabilis Undergoing Conditions Mimicking Climate Change
Abstract: Algal blooms have caused havoc in freshwater systems as climate change and human interactions have deteriorated the quality of water sources and ecosystem health has declined across the board for other photosynthetic species and marine animals. Historically cyanobacteria species such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena variabilis grow photosynthetically and develop their niche in freshwater systems in situ with community. Today, there is more focus on their impact due to rapid growth in ideal conditions such as raised water temperatures and increased phosphorus and nitrogen levels. We do not know of a few components, we are unsure of how the two species will coexist under normal growth, this competition may impact on the overall ecosystem’s health. Along with committing to understanding how the algal species will compete under abnormal conditions. We will test these species under the influence of trace metals, and their impact on growing blooms. We will be investigating the species with techniques such as PCR and gel electrophoresis to provide visual representation of how these species interact with the influx of nutrients and altering environment.
Using a thermal shift assay with UV-Vis to determine binding capabilities between binders and polynucleotide hairpin targets
Abstract: Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases are currently at the forefront of medical discovery as a medical anomaly that causes specific genes within the human genome to be deleterious or defective. Huntington’s disease is caused by the repeat of CAG 36 or more times, ultimately resulting in the formation of huntingtin, ultimately leading to brain cell death. A proposed therapeutic for combating these diseases is using small molecules designed to bind specific trinucleotide repeat sequences, effectively inhibiting deleterious biochemical pathways. This research aims to use a UV-Vis thermal melting assay to assess the binding affinity of three small molecules for a control hairpin DNA target, as well as the CAG16 repeat target.
The Role of SPEC on Cell Migration
Abstract: Cdc42 is a small GTPase that is part of the Rho family. Cdc42 is crucial in controlling cell migration, cell polarity, cytoskeletal organization, vesicle trafficking, and signal transduction (Murphy et al.). The protein alternates between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTPbound state, functioning as a molecular switch. These states essentially allow the intracellular signaling processes to exchange factors within the inactive and active states. Cdc42 was discovered in the early 1990s by Alan Hall and his partners as a key regulator of the actomyosin cytoskeleton (Pichaud et al.). The protein's ability to modify and structure the actomyosin cytoskeleton has significant ramifications for cell morphogenesis. Additional studies have been done on how Cdc42 can promote specific cytoskeleton regulations and many more functions within a cell. However, alongside Cdc42 are small protein effectors that enable Cdc42 to control the directional movement of a cell, intercellular trafficking, the shape of the cell, and many more. These small proteins are known as small protein effectors of Cdc42, or SPEC (Ching et al.). Although the role of SPEC and its interactions with Cdc42 are unknown and still being studied today, studies are being done on these proteins and their effects on cancer, neurological diseases, cell polarity, and wound healing. The focus of the project, was to study the role of SPEC proteins on cell migration. Do the cells that express SPEC impair or promote cell migration? Scratch wound assays were performed in order to study cell migration on SPEC. These assays helped analyze cell mobility and directional migration with cells that express SPEC. The migration of the cells was measured using the scratch assay which answered further questions with regards to the directionality and migration speed at which the cell moves.
Small Molecule Application on Huntington's Disease via Synthesis
Abstract: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive brain disorder caused by a (CTG·CAG) repeat sequence in the HTT gene located on the fourth chromosome. The mutation results in the production of toxic proteins that result in brain neurodegeneration. This can lead to a plethora of symptoms such as depression, clumsiness, and memory lapse. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience more severe complications such as motor decline and dysarthria. The average life expectancy for patients with HD after diagnosis is 10 to 30 years. There are currently no treatments capable of curing the disease. In this research, I am seeking to synthesize a small molecule capable of binding to the tandem repeats that cause HD. To do this, I have researched a broad variety of compounds to experiment with that have attributes that are potentially therapeutic for HD. In order to determine whether the molecules I synthesize are successfully made, I will be utilizing NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) to analyze their structures. This work explores the synthesis of melamine-containing small molecules to inform future drug discovery efforts for HD.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the ASCC2 CUE Domain's Specificity for K63-Linked Ubiquitin in DNA Alkylation Damage Repair
Abstract: CUE (Coupling of Ubiquitin Conjugation to ER degradation) domains are small ubiquitin-binding units found in various proteins. In a typical protein, these domains bind a single ubiquitin molecule and do not exhibit strong selectivity for specific ubiquitin linkages. However, the CUE domain of ASCC2 shows a unique ability to bind K63-linked polyubiquitin chains with a high specificity and affinity, unlike typical proteins (1). This unique selectivity enables ASCC2 to facilitate the recruitment of the ALKBH3 DNA repair enzyme to specific sites of alkylation damage. The precise interaction that causes this specificity is still unknown.
Building Accessible Protein Folding Pipelines in OpenMM for Undergraduate Computational Chemistry
Abstract: This project investigates computational protein folding using the OpenMM molecular simulation toolkit with the aim to generate user-friendly workflows for those getting started with protein structure prediction. OpenMM allows for the creation of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that integrate quantum-mechanical approximations of atomic structure with molecular mechanics that can be runnable on any device with a Python-based Google Colab environment. These approximations give way to an introduction to the field of molecular dynamics and simulation optimization. This project addresses current gaps in open-source folding pipelines that integrate the use of OpenMM, Python, and ease of accessibility to undergraduate-level scientists. These simulations can serve as a beginner-level reference for small-scale protein folding and as an educational framework for integrating concepts between coursework. Beyond this aim, the data generated from these simulations can serve as the dataset for small scale machine learning, wherein the model can predict secondary and tertiary structures comparable to a mini version of AlphaFold.
Cities Shaped by Sports: How the expansion and departure of professional sports teams can shape the culture of a city
Abstract: The identity of a city is often heavily influenced by the sports that are played in that city. The status of a city as a major city often comes from the presence of sports which the people in the city often cling to and create an identity through. This paper looks at how the expansion of professional sports in Seattle shaped the culture in Seattle in the 1960’s and 1970’s, along with how the departure of the SuperSonics in 2008 also changed the sports culture in the city. Not only does the professional sports scene of a city change the culture, but also the way the city is viewed from the outside, along with the infrastructure of the city itself.
Investigating Therapeutic Interventions for Huntington’s Disease Using an In Vitro HeLa Cell Model with pEGFP-Q74 and Q23 Transfection
Abstract: Huntington’s Disease (HD) is an autosomaldominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the HTT gene which results in the production of a toxic form of the Huntingtin protein. This disease progressively breaks down nerve cells in the brain which causes many symptoms and life complications to patients. HD is caused by an expanded CAG repats in the HTT gene on Chromosome 4. The disease is progressive which is characterized by the gradual onset and worsening of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms overtime. Some symptoms that patients may experience range from mild issue like clumsiness and balance difficulties to more severe cases like chorea, akinesia and dystonia. There is no cure for HD however there are RNA based treatments and drugs that are aimed to help manage symptoms. There have been studies on the molecular mechanisms of HD and the use of potential therapeutic interventions using in vitro models. The aim of this research is to use pEGFP-Q74 (diseased state) and Q23 (healthy control) plasmids to transfect HeLa cells, to model the huntingtin protein aggregation and cellular toxicity in vitro. Furthermore, this project examines differences in fluorescence patters between low and high passage HeLa cell lines to evaluate how cell line age and prior transfection history can affect the suitability of this model to study huntingtin protein aggregation. By characterizing these models this research can prepare future studies examining the potential efficacy of small molecule interventions targeting mutant huntingtin protein aggregation.
Math Meets the Trail
Abstract: Over the last year I have found that my peers and I feel overwhelmed by the amount of time we spend on screens and have sought ways to reduce screen time. To “escape our screens” we started hiking a few miles on the C&O canal and talking over a fire. I have found this time to be deeply comforting and would consider it one of my only escapes from the monotony of life in the age of technology. When recommending this escape to new friends and acquaintances it has become clear that I had an advantage being familiar with a trail already. This project was born from a feeling of responsibility to reduce the barrier of entry and make trails more accessible. I am fulfilling this responsibility by uploading trail data to a python program, allowing perspective hikers to input their desired distance from home, milage on trail, and style of trip to find a desired route. This will give perspective hikers an ideal route to follow, giving them the excuse to fill a backpack up and take whoever is next to them on a hike that will give them the tranquility that I have been granted from similar hikes.
Navigating the Digital Age: The Influence of Social Media on Adolescents’ Political Views and Engagement
Abstract: Social media has taken over the lives of adolescents, extending its influence beyond entertainment and peer interaction into civic awareness and political engagement. This paper investigates the research question: How does social media influence the political views of children in secondary school? By examining the role of platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and X, the research explores how these online environments contribute to the early formation of political opinions, civic identities, and interest in public issues. Understanding this connection helps teachers see the direct effect on classrooms. Teachers today must address the challenges and opportunities presented by students’ digital information consumption. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of understanding how algorithm-driven exposure, echo chambers, and participatory online culture impact political socialization during these crucial years of development. Ultimately, the findings aim to inform educators, policymakers, and civic leaders about the way social media shapes adolescent perspectives and the broader consequences for democratic participation in the digital age.
Synthesis of Specific Transcription Inhibitor Targeting Huntington's Disease Sequence
Abstract: Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative autosomal dominant disorder resulting from more than thirty-six trinucleotide repeats of CAG segments on the short arm of chromosome 4p16.3. The greater number of CAP repeats, the higher the severity and earlier onset of the illness. This project investigates the full synthesis of MEL-3A, a melamine based small molecule that is designed to selectively bind to CAG repeats and inhibit the transcription of excessive RNA CAG repeats. MEL-3A consists of three major elements, a triazine and three carbon linker that creates MEL-3 and an anthracene chain. Together the MEL-3 provides the selectivity required for this experiment and the anthracene provides the transcription inhibition through acting as an intercalating agent.
Algorithmic Injustice: AI Bias in the U.S. Criminal Justice System and Its Impact on Minorities
Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated into the United States criminal justice system. Algorithms are now used to assist police departments in predicting crime locations, guide judicial decisions regarding bail and sentencing, and help correctional institutions estimate the likelihood of recidivism. These technologies are often promoted as objective tools that can reduce human bias and improve efficiency within legal decision-making processes. However, a growing body of research suggests that algorithmic systems may reproduce and amplify existing social inequalities embedded in historical criminal justice data. This project examines the role of artificial intelligence in shaping bias within the criminal justice system, with particular emphasis on algorithmic risk assessment tools. Drawing on interdisciplinary research from criminology, sociology, law, and technology ethics, the project analyzes how algorithmic models may unintentionally reinforce disparities affecting marginalized communities. In addition to examining risk assessment tools such as COMPAS and the Public Safety Assessment (PSA), the study explores predictive policing systems and facial recognition technologies. The project argues that algorithmic bias frequently emerges from historical datasets, proxy variables related to socioeconomic status, and limited transparency in proprietary algorithms. The findings suggest that while artificial intelligence offers significant analytical capabilities, its implementation in criminal justice institutions requires stronger oversight, transparency, and ethical regulation to prevent discriminatory outcomes.
Inhibitory Power of Garlic on Bacteria Commonly Associated With Food Poisoning
Abstract: Evidence of garlic’s use as a natural remedy exists dating as far back as 2700 BC China, around the time of the Xia Dynasty, where garlic was believed to be a useful treatment to combat depression[1]. Ancient recipes finding their origin in Tibet used garlic to treat stomach aches[1]. Additionally, research has shown that allicin derived from garlic is an effective inhibitor of certain bacteria, such as those belonging to the genus Salmonella. Allicin’s likelihood of causing antibiotic resistance appears lower than other common antibiotics as allicin also functions to chemically change the nutrients of its target bacteria.[2] The research presented here was designed to determine the efficacy of inhibiting the growth of B. cereus and E. coli, common bacterial causes for food poisoning, with the naturally occurring allicin present in crushed garlic. Kirby-Bauer inhibition tests were performed with raw garlic, cooked garlic, and rehydrated garlic powder to determine which preparation preserved the most active allicin. These experiments demonstrated that, in the amount of one clove, raw garlic was the most effective preparation for the inhibition of B. cereus and E. coli. B. cereus was more susceptible to inhibition by raw garlic than E. coli. Raw garlic was found to be ~1.5 times more effective at inhibiting B. cereus than the antibiotic used as a positive control.
Hybril: A Lightweight Multi-Language Static Application Testing Platform
Abstract: Hybril is a lightweight, web-based application security platform built to make static code analysis easy and accessible. Instead of requiring complex setup like traditional tools, users can simply upload their code, run scans, and review results in one streamlined workflow: upload, scan, review and finally, download. The platform supports multiple languages by integrating open-source tools and combines their findings into a clean, standardized report format.
Analyzing the effects and benefits of Occupational Therapy in Children with Autism
Abstract: Occupational therapy plays a huge role in supporting children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Particularly in addressing sensory processing challenges and improving daily functioning. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes deficits and differences in social communication, restricted or repetitive behaviors, and sensory sensitivities. These deficits and differences can interfere with participation in everyday activities. This paper examines the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with a specific focus on sensory integration based approaches and their impact on motor skills, behavioral regulation, participation, and quality of life. Using peer reviewed research and informational websites regarding occupational therapy and Autism, I was able evaluate how Occupational Therapy supports developmental needs during childhood. Childhood is emphasized as a critical period for intervention due to the increased ability for the brain to change and adapt and the long-term benefits of early therapeutic support.
Could AI Be Creative?
Abstract: This project is meant to answer the question of if Artificial Intelligence(AI) could be creative. This means that I will need to effectively define AI and creativity and explain if it could achieve the goal of being creative while also explaining why or why not. The criteria used to determine if something is creative goes as follows according to Margaret Boden: Intentionality, Spontaneity, and Agency. These criteria mean that an AI would need to exhibit an intention, be spontaneous and have agency. So far, I have determined that AI could not be creative as it fails its ability to have any spontaneity and to have agency though it does exhibit intentions as per its coded rules.
Empathy, Equity and Stress: The Relationship Between Empathy and Equity, and the Impact of Stress’s on both Variables
Abstract: An individual’s efficacy for empathy, be it the performance of prosocial behavior, works with the concept of altruism, or the performing selfless acts without perceive benefit to themselves. Behaviors related to equity are one such example. Like altruism, equitable behavior is a prosocial trait associated with empathetic behavior because it advocates for inclusiveness and fairness. However, it is hypothesized that in the presence of stress, empathy may be decreased, leading to less equitable behavior by proxy. The study employed an empathy quotient (EQ), perceive stress questionnaire (PSQ), and equity vignette (EQV) to 55 participants, measuring the relationship between equity and empathy using a correlational design, and adding stress as a third variable to observe an interaction effect. Aiming to view the interrelationship between empathy, equity, and stress, the current study intends to examine the relationship between stress and the negative effects it incurs on empathetic behavior and equitable behavior. Corresponding to that premise, it is predicted that higher scores of empathy are related to more equitable decisions, but not when in stressful condition. Decreasing both empathy and equity as result. The project is based on previous research done by the researchers of the current study looking at effects of prolonged stress on the brain. It used rat subjects as a medium to assess the impact of environmental stress on the formation of a brain protein, proteolipid protein 1 (plp1), which constitutes the myelin sheath. Expounding on the study, researchers move from biological observations of stress to behavioral effects of stress.
Client Perceptions of Therapy Effectiveness and Real Relationship in Teletherapy, In-Person Therapy, and Hybrid Therapy
Abstract: This study examined client-reported therapy effectiveness, real relationship with therapists, and general attitudes toward therapy delivery methods among individuals receiving in-person, teletherapy, or hybrid services. Thirty-five clients from a university and surrounding community who had attended at least five therapy sessions completed measures of therapy progress, real relationship, and general perceptions of online and in-person therapy. In experiment 1, a series of one way independent samples ANOVAs revealed no significant differences in reported therapy effectiveness across delivery types. Similarly, genuineness and realism within the therapeutic relationship did not significantly differ by modality. However, repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences in client perceptions: participants generally perceived in-person therapy as more effective than online therapy, despite comparable reported outcomes. Biases were strongest among clients currently receiving in-person treatment, who perceived online formats as notably less effective. In experiment 2 a two-by-two ANOVA revealed no significant difference in real relationship between gender or therapy type. These findings from both experiments suggest both genders have similar levels of closeness that is maintained between therapy types. Additionally, although clients hold modality based preferences favoring in-person therapy, actual therapeutic outcomes and relationship quality remain consistent across formats.
The Cost of Wellness: How Social Media Shapes the Commodification of Health in a Culture of Surveillance
Abstract: Since 2020, the idea of wellness has shaken how society understands and consumes what it is. In lieu of focusing on one’s actual health, wellness culture has risen and priorities aesthetics, curated routines, and marketable lifestyle that all contribute to consumerism. Building from existing literature and case studies, this project looks at how curated content creates an “ideal” lifestyle, how constantly being exposed to this content impacts mental health and body dissatisfaction, and how wearable and home technology not only gamifies health but also how the increase of surveillance contributes to consumerism. Focusing specially on female millennials and Gen-Z, who are particularly susceptible to this pressure, I demonstrate that wellness culture creates cycles of wanting, insecurity, and spending all driven by unattainable ideals masked as health.
Stock Price Prediction in the S&P 500 Technology Sector Using Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Networks and Sentiment Analysis
Abstract: For decades, professionals in business and finance have been searching for the optimal techniques to model and predict the stochastic dynamics of the stock market. This project adds to that search – creating a predictive model that combines historical and textual inputs to short-term market trends by integrating sentiment analysis with deep neural network learning. Based in R, the model takes historical time series and textual data, applying Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to extract spatial patterns among features, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTMs) models to capture temporal dependencies, and sentiment analysis quantification to identify stocks with positive buy signals within the market. Using common key indicators of daily stock performance, the model iterates through a given list of stocks and uses the combination of data analytics and natural language processing to derive the ideal list of stocks as short-term investments. The goal of the project is to demonstrate the applicability of advanced machine learning frameworks in financial decision-making, and how the organization of vast amounts of data can lead to optimized investing results.
Portraying Mental Health
Abstract: This project will explore Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and how its representation can affect how the disorder is viewed by society. OCD and mental health in general are notoriously hard to write and portray correctly. This paper discusses in depth why it is so hard to get mental health representation right. One of the most misconstrued and misunderstood disorders is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This paper identifies what a good representation of OCD should be, and analyzes literary work as well as film to determine if they hold up to those standards of a good representation. One important question this paper looks into is regarding the medium of representation. Does literature foster a better representation of mental health, or does film do it better? Are both mediums valid forms of representations, and if so, how? At the end of all this, this paper strives to advocate for proper representation not only for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, but for all mental health disorders. The way to reach this goal of proper representation is through analyzing what makes pre-existing good representations good.
Investigating the ASCC2 and Diubiquitin Binding Site Using NMR
Abstract: DNA and RNA alkylation damage threatens genome stability, but repair pathways esixt to reverse these modifications. In RNA alkylation repair, K63-linked polyubiquitin chains form near damage sites and recruit the ASCC ALKBH3 repair complex. ASCC2 recognizes K63-linked diubiquitin via its CUE domain, while ALKBH3 removes the alkyl lesion. Prior studies show ASCC2 binds two ubiquitins simultaneously: the distal ubiquitin through a conserved hydrophobic CUE-domain patch and the proximal ubiquitin through an uncharacterized interface.This project aims to define the proximal ubiquitin binding interface on the ASCC2 CUE domain using PRE NMR. A site-specific MTSL spin label is introduced onto the ubiquitin, enabling mapping of interaction surfaces by comparing oxidized and reduced spectra. While another student's work will focus specificall on the unknown proximal ubiquitin-ASCC2 interaction, my project aims to validate these results by studying the distal ubiquitin-ASCC2 interaction using PRE NMR.
A Heutagogic Synthesis of Media and Content: The Portrayal of Advanced Leadership Theory in The Bear
Abstract: The study of leadership theory is cited to have begun in the late 1800’s and has constantly evolved based on current research. Due to its applied nature, the research and advancement of leadership theory is accomplished through practical studies and empirical research in active organizations. New theories or texts are often the observance of a new leadership style, the synthesis of a new process, or theoretical discussions of possible improvements on existing methods. This paper explores how a process of learning that involves wide consideration of a subject; research into critical thinking and media studies; and discerningly chosen works of fictional media creates a dialectical approach to learning from seemingly unrelated media interactions. This process is demonstrated with the 2022 television show The Bear created and written by Christopher Storer. The character of Richie Jerimovich, played by Ebon Moss-Bachrach, exhibits the leadership theories of Brené Brown, John Kotter, Jim Kouzes, and more, while also presenting a new strand of leadership theory through the structures of television. Authors, such as Jan Váňa, Steve Connolly, Carlos Montemayor, provide background for critical thinking and media/film analysis that allow for this process to be possible. Furthermore, this approach can be extrapolated and applied to forms of knowledge across academia. Existing knowledge in a given subject, developed analytical skills, and an understanding of media’s specific structures reveal synthesized concepts from mediums, such as television, that could not have been found or expressed otherwise. The formic structures of nonformal media convey concepts more digestibly and further current research by presenting new ideas unique to its medium. This framework provides countless new options for learning, teaching, and researching in not only the field of Leadership, but across academia.
Autonomy in Literature: Gendered Blind Spots and the Role of Literature in Bridging Them
Abstract: This essay explores how gender influences the interpretation of literature and how these differences can create blind spots, particularly in understanding women’s lack of autonomy within patriarchal societies. Gender and lived experience play a significant role in shaping how readers engage with texts, often leading men and women to draw different conclusions from the same work. This paper discusses why these interpretive differences occur and how they impact the recognition of themes such as bodily autonomy, power dynamics, and systemic oppression. Focusing on works such as “Bloodchild” by Octavia E. Butler, “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, “Hills Like White Elephants” by Ernest Hemingway, and “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin, the essay analyzes how male and female readers respond differently to these narratives. One key question this paper considers is whether men can learn to adopt more empathetic, cross-gender reading practices through exposure to literature that centers female perspectives. It also examines whether literature serves as an effective tool for fostering this understanding. Ultimately, this essay argues that engaging with diverse literary perspectives is essential in challenging patriarchal biases and bridging the gap in understanding gender-based injustices.
Beyond the Checkered Flag: Analyzing the Key Drivers of Formula 1 Attendance
Abstract: Accurately forecasting spectator attendance is a critical component of event planning and revenue optimization in professional sports. In Formula 1, this is no different, attendance forecasting presents unique challenges due to the sport’s global race calendar, varying economic conditions, and diverse environmental contexts. This study analyzes historical Formula 1 race attendance data from 2021 to 2024 to identify patterns, trends, and seasonality across seasons while evaluating the factors that strongly influence attendance. The analysis incorporates economic variables such as ticket pricing, geographic characteristics including race location, and environmental conditions such as weather, alongside contextual factors such as tourism appeal and race weekend scheduling. Statistical modeling and regression-based techniques are used to assess the impact of each factor, and machine learning models are applied to evaluate feature importance and generate attendance predictions. Additionally, causal analysis is employed to distinguish between correlational relationships and variables with potential causal influence. The results of this study contribute to a data-driven understanding of attendance dynamics in Formula 1 and offer insights to support strategic decision-making for future race events.
Evaluating the Impact of Instructor-Led Recitation Sessions on Student Performance in General Chemistry
Abstract: General Chemistry is a foundational course for many science disciplines. However, the course is often perceived by students as an intimidating “weed out” class that may disproportionately impact students who feel underprepared in mathematics and study strategies. In the fall semester of 2022, Mount St. Mary’s University implemented instructor-led recitation sessions for all General Chemistry students with the intention of enhancing performance, retention, and student confidence. This study examines the role of recitation sessions in improving academic outcomes and promoting a learning environment that supports all students, especially those from historically underrepresented or marginalized communities.
Analyzing the Effects of a Synthetic Compound on Transcription of Huntington's Disease DNA
Abstract: Huntington’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a mutation in the HTT gene, where the CAG nucleic acid sequence repeats cause a mutation in the protein huntingtin. This abnormal protein will affect the brain, damaging nerve cells and causing a range of progressive symptoms including involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and mood changes. While Huntington’s disease currently has no cure, research has focused on new treatments and therapies for this disorder. This study used a gene-targeted approach where chemically synthesized nucleic acid targeting molecules were used to target the CAG nucleic acid sequence to inhibit transcription of the HTT gene. Plasmids containing the desired HTT gene were outgrown in E. coli, extracted, and digested with a restriction enzyme digest. This permitted an in vitro transcription assay using T7 RNA polymerase. Results of the in vitro study were quantified with gel PAGE electrophoresis. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether this nucleic acid targeting agent, A2-N26, was effective in suppressing the expression of the HTT gene. This would indicate whether these gene silencing therapies could be used in the treatment of Huntington’s Disease. Results of the SDS-PAGE gels were inconclusive, as Huntington’s RNA was observed to streak through the gel. With no clear bands to quantify the RNA of Huntington’s disease, this prevented ability to quantify transcriptional inhibition of the A2-N26 nucleic acid targeting molecule.
Effect of Substituent Resonance Effects on Pyrylium Synthesis
Abstract: Pyrylium salts are a class of aromatic, oxygen heterocycles with a wide application as catalysts, dyes, and pharmaceutical building blocks. The goal of this research project is to determine how functional group positioning impacts the yield of pyrylium compounds through comparison of the 2,6-, 4-, and 3,5- positions, as well as how they may allow for possible resonance extension. Future application of this research will help to inform where substituent groups can be attached to the molecule to enhance its photochemical properties without drastically decreasing yield, with possible further usage in waste-water treatment as a photo-redox catalyst.
Functional Role of Retractor Muscles in Bloodworm (Glycera) Proboscis Movement: An Ablation Study
Abstract: Bloodworms (Glycera) rely on proboscis eversion and retraction for prey capture and burrowing, yet the exact function of their retractor muscles remains unknown. These thin muscles (about 1mm wide) originate from the body wall and insert on the intestines. While they are presumed to drive proboscis retraction, their role has not been experimentally confirmed due to their extremely small size and unique mechanical demands. This project has (and will continue to) investigate the functional contribution of the retractor muscles through a microsurgical ablation approach. Experimental worms have undergone targeted removal of the retractor muscles, while sham-operated controls have been opened and closed without muscle removal. Following recovery, proboscis function was assessed through behavioral assays, measuring the presence or absence of retraction, maximum eversion length, and retraction velocity. Comparative statistical analysis between the ablated and control groups will determine whether retractor muscles are essential for proboscis retraction and how their removal alters movement dynamics. By directly testing the role of these muscles, this study aims to provide new insight into how muscles operate under extreme length conditions, advancing understanding of invertebrate biomechanics and the mechanics of feeding and locomotion in Glycera.
The Value of Cross Cultural Teams
Abstract: I researched the value of cross-cultural teams. I will be evaluating cross-cultural teams within Coca-Cola, Procter and Gamble, and Google companies. These companies have cross-cultural and global teams that have led them to success. Cross cultural teams bring in new perspectives, enhanced problem-solving and decision making, inclusivity, and adaptability. Team members bring in fresh perspectives and ideas. Since my selected companies perform in different markets, it makes sense that team members from these companies may bring unique knowledge and experience to the table or to the team. Cross-cultural teams lead to a cohesive environment that fosters growth and success. Each of these companies have had their own benefits to having global teams. I explained those benefits and how they gave these companies success. I will also be discussing struggles and challenges with cross-cultural teams. Some of these challenges include language barriers, time zones, and conflicts. Cross-cultural teams could lead to conflict between members that can derail a team, slowing down overall progress for the company. Overall, my research has shown that Coca-Cola, Google, and Procter & Gamble companies have benefited from cross-cultural teams. These teams have been valued assets that have contributed to company success and dominance withing their selected industries.
Monuments and Memory: The Role Presentism Has Played on the Memorialization of Christopher Columbus Through the Lens of Monuments and Public Celebrations Throughout Time
Abstract: Throughout the last 300 years, the memory and history of Christopher Columbus’s voyage to what is now known as North America is continuously brought to light with different methods and waves. This essay analyzes the ever-changing narrative and attitudes toward Columbus and his memory in the United States through the examination of celebrations, monuments, and public news thoughout time. The 1792 first official mass celebrations commemorating Columbus in states such as New York and Massachusetts, 1892 Chicago World fair, and 1992 Quincentenary each represent varying degrees of admiration toward to historical figure and shifting narratives. I used specific monuments to track the growing and waning support for Columbus in various major cities such as Baltimore, New York CIty, Philidelphia, and Washington DC from 1792-1992. Public opinion towards Christopher Columbus was and still is continuing to change during the 21st century, which has led to the destruction of many monuments. Presentism plays a significant role in the way that public media such as monuments, museums, textbooks, etc. should present the history of Columbus’s famous voyage, his accomplishments and the effects. Many people argue for the erasing of Columbus from U.S history and the public presence of Monuments but I argue that he played a very important role in the founding and creation of this nation but the language of which he is taught can be modified to honor the cultures that have been greatly affected by his actions and memory.
How Native Americans are Perceived Over Time: Stereotypes, Outsiders, and Resilience
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify how Native American art was perceived through the lens of outsiders and how stereotypes played into academic writing and the societal treatment of natives. I start by establishing the harmful notions colonists had towards natives before and after the Declaration of Independence, then find those same notions in academic writing later in the nineteenth century. There are also visuals present throughout the paper that bluntly show how these colonial stereotypes were visualized in outsider art. Later in the nineteenth and twentieth century academic writings become more prevalent, and the rhetoric towards natives changes to idealization of their lifestyle as an escape from the fast-growing and highly urban eastern United States. Here we see an interesting turn in historical writings, but natives still have no part in it and things are often misinterpreted and incorrect. In academia today, we see that historians are trying to correct the false narratives made by their predecessors, but more importantly natives themselves are finally allowed to have agency over their own histories. They commentate on their own art and cultures, take back artifacts stolen from them, and tell the true stories of their peoples while discovering more about their ancestors as they begin to reclaim hundreds of thousands of excavated goods, petroglyphs, and human remains.
The Role of SPEC1 Protein Expression in Inducing Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells
Abstract: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental process in maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliminating abnormal cells. Its dysregulation contributes to many cellular complications, including cancer, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disorders. The Rho family GTPase Cell Division Cycle 42 (Cdc42) is a key regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell polarity, and cell survival. However, the role of its effector protein, the Small Protein Effector of Cdc42 (SPEC), has not been well characterized. This research project investigates whether SPEC contributes to apoptotic signaling and the extent of its role in this process. Using MCF-7 breast cancer cells, we will compare apoptosis induced by Raptinal, an apoptosis inducing drug, with apoptosis induced by overexpression of SPEC. Apoptotic activity will be evaluated using TUNEL assays to measure DNA fragmentation during late apoptosis and a Western blot analysis. We hypothesize that Raptinal will induce significantly higher apoptotic activity than SPEC overexpression, which suggests that SPEC may play a limited or regulatory role in apoptotic signaling rather than acting as a primary inducer of cell death. By clarifying the role of SPEC in programmed cell death, this research aims to uncover a less studied branch of Cdc42 signaling.
Determination of the interaction between K63-linked Diubiquitin and the ASCC2 CUE Domain for the recruitment of the ALKBH3-ASCC DNA repair complex
Abstract: This study aims to determine the molecular mechanism through which repair pathways address DNA damage. Within DNA repair, a ubiquitin-dependent pathway is employed in repairing alkylation damage. The ALKBH3 complex is recruited to sites of alkylation damage due to K63-linked Diubiquitin chains. The ASCC2 CUE Domain was found to preferentially bind to K63-linked Diubiquitin chains through linkages with the proximal and distal ubiquitins. The binding between the ASCC2 CUE and the distal ubiquitin has been identified to share similar mechanisms to the binding of other CUE Domains to monoubiquitins. However, the way in which ASCC2 binds to the proximal ubiquitin is a unique interaction that requires further investigation. Previous studies within the lab attempted to determine the way ASCC2 selectively binds to the proximal ubiquitin using X-ray crystallography. To determine the mechanism through which ASCC2 binds to K63-linked Diubiquitin chains, cells were grown and transformed with the ASCC2 CUE. Cells transformed with the ASCC2 CUE were grown in minimal media to incorporate 15N and 2H isotopes into the ASCC2 CUE. K63-linked Diubiquitin was prepared similarly to incorporate 13C and 2H isotopes. Isotopically labelled ASCC2 and K63-linked Diubiquitin were purified for use in Nuclear Overhauser Effect Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NOE NMR).
Narrative Medicine: Rupi Kaur and Healing Beyond Clinical Contexts
Abstract: This paper explores how Rupi Kaur’s poetry exemplifies the principles of narrative medicine by transforming personal vulnerability into a reflective and reconstructive process of healing beyond clinical contexts. Through analysis of her stylistic choices and thematic focus, it argues that poetry enables individuals to reinterpret trauma, construct meaning, and foster emotional recovery through storytelling.
Synthesis of Acridine Melamine Conjugates to Inhibit the Transcription of the Nucleotide Repeat Sequence Associated with Huntington’s Disease
Abstract: Huntington's disease is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. The gene is found on chromosome 4, and a CAG repeat causes the mutation. This repeat disrupts the Huntingtin protein's normal biological function, leading to the death of neurons and parts of the brain. Individuals suffering from this condition develop involuntary movements, abnormal body postures, and problems with behavior, emotion, and thinking. In most cases, those with the disease die prematurely, and there is currently no treatment specifically for Huntington’s Disease. In this research, we seek to develop new molecules that could bind to the DNA repeat sequence that causes the disease and prevent the transcription and downstream translation of the mutant RNA to alleviate the symptoms of this condition. This study aimed to synthesize acridine melamine conjugates, previously identified as possible transcription inhibitors for the CAG repeat-causing Huntington's disease, combining them to form a molecule more efficient at inhibiting transcription.
The Proboscis of Glycera Dibranchiata and its Role in the Hydrostatic Skeleton During Burrowing Behaviors
Abstract: The proboscis of the bloodworm, Glycera dibranchiata, plays a crucial role in the organism’s ability to generate movement for burrowing or capturing prey. However, it is not yet fully understood how the proboscis functions across these different behaviors. This study specifically examines the proboscis during burrowing behaviors via video analysis of proboscis eversion-retraction events. The variable capabilities of the bloodworm’s proboscis may be explained by the unique anatomical structure of Glycera, which is comprised of a hydrostatic skeleton that allows the organism to transform muscular stress into hydrostatic pressure.
Nihilistic Violent Extremism: A More Devastating Form of Terrorism
Abstract: Nihilistic Violent Extremism (NVE) is the latest evolution in terrorism today, with the classification being created in May 2025. This new form of terrorism, if not countered soon, will be the most devastating development to our nation, especially affecting the youth. NVE is a form of online domestic terrorism in which perpetrators seek out young victims via internet groups and chat rooms in order to groom them into sharing content of themselves committing atrocious acts such as self-mutilation, animal abuse, hate crimes, destruction of property, and even suicide. This type of terrorism is unique because of the lack of specific motivation, the use of online chatrooms and the large involvement of minors as both perpetrators and victims. Other than the online acts of violence, perpetrators ensue fear and gain peer credibility by attacking random public locations and sometimes using their groomed victims to commit these crimes for them. The nature of this criminal activity runs in the shadows of the current ways law enforcement operates due to its universality and occurrence via online media and communication. Although there has been a recent drive in the investigation of NVE at the federal and local levels, its effectiveness relies on community involvement. Because this crime disproportionately affects minors, parents and caregivers in particular have an important role in monitoring their kid’s online activity and identifying dangers before their kids become victims or perpetrators. This paper aims to identify the causes, problems, and solutions on preventing this form of terrorism and provides a guide for parents and caregivers on how to spot the signs for their own children.
The Impact of Propaganda in War: American and Nazi Propaganda During World War II
Abstract: Through analysis of German and American propaganda, this paper explores how each country depicted their enemies in order to further their own agendas as well as garner more support for their respective causes. A large portion of German propaganda focuses heavily on anti-semitic propaganda due to the Nazi’s choosing to demonize and create enemies of the Jewish population. However, some German propaganda focused on their military, hoping to garner support for their army and thus support for their military actions. On the other hand, America focused a lot on their military and patriotism in their propaganda, hoping to garner support for a war they had not fully intended on joining. They also had some propaganda depicting their enemies. In both Germany and America, there are similarities that demonstrate the importance of military and military relations within the country. The emphasis both countries place on patriotism and nationalism are also very similar and portray the importance of having the people’s support during war. As such, this paper shows the similarities and differences between American and German propaganda as well as the impact these forms of propaganda had in each country.
How Music Markets a Product: Bridging the Gap Between Music Theory and Psychological Marketing Principles
Abstract: Music is involved in every facet of our lives, including our advertising media. This project examines why music is such an effective tool in brand advertising by bridging foundational music theory principles with psychological marketing research. Through a review of existing literature on consumer behavior and music perception, this paper explores the cognitive and emotional mechanisms through which music shapes consumer mood, reinforces memory, and strengthens brand identity. Key concepts such as musical fit, emotional congruence, and brand recall are analyzed across both traditional advertising and emerging digital environments, including the metaverse. To contextualize these theoretical findings, foundational music theory concepts, including key signature, major and minor tonality, tempo, and instrumentation, are introduced as structural explanations for how specific musical choices produce psychological effects on listeners. A qualitative song analysis of Budweiser's 2015 Super Bowl commercial, "Lost Dog," demonstrates these principles in practice, illustrating how deliberate musical decisions generate emotional resonance that enhances narrative impact and brand association. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for both marketing professionals and consumers, arguing that an interdisciplinary understanding of psychology, marketing strategy, and music theory enables more intentional, effective, and critically informed engagement with music in advertising.
Quantifying PLP1 Immunoreactivity Across Efferent Amygdala Pathways in Rats
Abstract: The amygdala communicates with widespread cortical and subcortical regions through distinct efferent pathways that vary in connectivity and functional influence. Because efficient signal transmission along these pathways depends on myelination, differences in oligodendrocyte distribution may reflect variation in pathway complexity. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system and can be quantified using proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1), a major myelin-associated protein. This study examined PLP1 immunoreactivity across observable efferent amygdala pathways in rat brain tissue, including the ventral amygdalofugal pathway, the stria terminalis, and anterior commissure. Using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy, PLP1 intensity was quantified and normalized within anatomically defined regions of interest. It was hypothesized that efferent pathways with broader projection targets would exhibit greater PLP1 expression than pathways with more limited connectivity. This study provides a foundation for future investigations into pathway-specific white matter alterations relevant to mood disorders.
Oligodendrocyte Count Variations in Pre-Frontal Cortex Layers
Abstract: Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell in the central nervous system that primarily function in forming the myelin sheath, supporting the flow of information. A decrease in oligodendrocyte numbers has been associated with various disorders in part due to dysregulation of proteolipid 1 (PLP1) protein expression. This project aims to provide a baseline quantification of PLP1 expression to support further research into the connection between oligodendrocytes and major depressive disorder. The brain region of interest is the prefrontal cortex, which is strongly linked to emotional regulation and control. We hypothesized that layers V and VI would have greater PLP1 immunoreactivity in oligodendrocytes due to their long-range axons and greater metabolic demands. To answer this question, the researchers examined PLP1 expression in rat brain tissue slides using immunohistochemistry, confocal fluorescent microscopy, and quantification via the NIS-Elements software. Mean fluorescent intensity was measured among the six cortical layers. The goal remains to deepen understanding of oligodendrocytes in the prefrontal cortex to strengthen future studies that will provide insight into glial cells and mood disorders.
Ethics and Security in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming embedded in critical systems and everyday life, due to its rapid development. This integration presents a myriad of opportunities and notable challenges. The widespread implementation of AI in our systems brings efficiency and innovation. However, it is important to understand the ethical and security concerns that this innovation brings with it, which include risks to data, algorithmic bias, and the spread of misinformation. This research will analyze the importance of ethics and security within AI development and use, by discussing literature, ethical frameworks, and evaluating real world case studies. This analysis is vital when implementing proper governance models and security protocol. Consequently, this research will provide a combination of the ethical and technical discussion points to develop recommendations on improving secure AI use that balances innovation and responsibility.
From a War Decided to a Memory Divided: Confederate Memory in the Designations of U.S Army Posts
Abstract: This project investigates how the United States Army integrated Confederate heritage both in in person and in memory. The development of the Lost Cause ideology, and the adoption of its tenets by the national community during the turn of nineteenth century, created a national culture amiable towards the Confederacy. This resulted in the military participation of ex-Confederates in the U.S Army during the Spanish American War, and the subsequent naming of U.S Army posts after Confederate leaders throughout the World Wars. Using the correspondences from the name selection process during the World Wars, this project argues that, because of leadership appointments being used as a political device during the Spanish American War, the Army’s recognition of Civil War popularity among the white community, and its concern over controversy regarding camp names, the Army adopted Lost Cause and reconciliation themes into its own processes of memorialization. This paper concludes by addressing this impact into the twenty-first century controversy, which has involved multiple renaming attempts by different governmental bodies, in a struggle over historical memory and interpretation of these names.
Pyrylium Tuning via Ligation of Electronegative Attachments for Wastewater Purification Applications
Abstract: Organic pollutants leak into wastewater and cause health defects in organisms residing on land and in the water. I seek to remove these contaminants from wastewater via a photooxidative purification pathway.
Understanding How K63 Polyubiquitin Chains Bind to ASCC2 Via a CUE Domain in Response to Alkylation Damage
Abstract: The goal of the project is to understand the binding interaction between K63 ubiquitin with the CUE domain on ASCC2. A polyubiquitin chain is assembled in response to alkylation damage and serves as a signal to recruit the ALKBH3-ASCC complex to begin damage repair. Within the ALKBH3-ASCC complex, there is a protein subunit that is called ASCC2. Part of the ASCC2 protein is the CUE domain which is responsible for binding to the ubiquitin. Other CUE domains that have been studied on other proteins do not seem to have specificity for K63-linked polyubiquitin chains when binding. Although this CUE domain on ASCC2 structurally looks like the other CUE domains, it has been shown that the ASCC2 CUE domain does bind specifically to K63-linked diubiquitin possibly by interacting with two ubiquitin proteins simultaneously. We are using NMR to investigate the structural basis for the ASCC2 CUE domain’s specificity for K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.
Can Catholics Support Mass Deportation?
Abstract: Vice President JD Vance caused a significant stir when he invoked the theological concept “ordo amoris.” Vance used the concept to justify the Trump administration’s immigration policy, which has been criticised by many Catholics. Vance, himself a Catholic, argued that the “order of love” entails a pyramid of responsibility of love, which begins with one having the strongest responsibility and love for their immediate family, then the local community, then the national community, before this responsibility is extended to foreigners. Pope Francis criticized this approach to immigration in both a papal encyclical and a personal statement, where he called the current Trump deportation plan as a “crisis.” This leads to an obvious dilemma, as a majority of Catholics in the US voted for Trump in 2024, according to the Pew Research Center. Therefore, my research project is going to be discussing the topic of Catholic Social Teaching and its intersection with US immigration policy. In order to do so, I will look at documents from the current pope, former popes, the Salamancan school, and other relevant theologians including, but not limited to St. Augustine, St. Aquinas, and Francisco de Sotto. The reason for consulting theologians rather than to merely quote scripture is that theologians, while also being well versed in scripture, apply a rigorous logic to scripture that thoroughly analyzes the logical ramifications of scriptural commands.
Respecting the Dignity and Worth of a Diverse Workplace in Times of Political and Societal Divides: A Qualitative Study Explaining Human Resource Managers and Business leaders Changing Priorities of D.E.I.A.B
Abstract: Employees perform better when they are engaged in their workplace, which stems from feeling safe, included, and respected. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion programs were developed to ensure all employees are respected and have equal opportunities. Now, these programs are facing criticism and an Executive Order by President Trump, January 20th, 2025, threatens the use of D.E.I. within organizations. This paper aims to explore managers’ and leaders’ responses to the Executive Order, understand how their organizations have changed their D.E.I.A practices and consider what managers and leaders can do to support and protect their employees. This project uses qualitive data collected by interviewing human resource managers to hear their expertise on the topic. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured format to allow participants to share insight beyond the prepared question. Both existing literature and the findings from this study confirm that D.E.I.A makes a positive impact in the workplace and that these practices must continue. Employees must continue to be treated fairly, feel included, and respected within organizations. Not only does D.E.I.A produce better business outcomes, but as multiple interview participants said, “it is the right thing to do”. Moving forward, managers and leaders should continue to actively listen to employees, ensure equal opportunities, and create personal relationships with employees to ensure the spirit of D.E.I carries on.
A Molecular Embrace: Using De Novo Binders to Suppress ALKBH3-ASCC Repair Complex Formation at Foci of Pre-mRNA Alkylation in the Spliceosome as a Mechanism to Combat Chemotherapeutic Resistance
Abstract: The genome of organisms are subject to constant damage from a plethora of exogenous and endogenous factors. In response to these damages, organisms have evolved pathways to help mitigate the loss of genomic integrity. The alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 3 activating signal co-integrator 1 (ALKBH3-ASCC) repair complex is one of many highly conserved damage response proteins that are recruited to sites of genomic instability. The ASCC2 CUE domain is a subunit of the complex that recognizes and selectively binds to K63-linked polyubiquitin chains assembled at foci of RNA alkylation, which recruits the rest of the complex to the site. Recent studies show that ALKBH3-ASCC function is integral to rescuing the stalled spliceosome by dealkylating adducts on pre-mRNA undergoing posttranscriptional modification. Freeing this complex allows for efficacious mRNA transcription and protein translation. In cancerous cells, genomic regulation factors become hijacked and exhibit uncontrollable upregulation of growth factors that induce high proliferation. When chemotherapies are used for treatment, the ALKBH3-ASCC construct can become a mechanism of pharmacological interference/resistance by repairing mRNA that has been alkylated by the therapeutic. The goal of this research is to synthesize an artificial binder peptide that can selectively suppress ALKBH3-ASCC by binding to the ASCC2 CUE domain with higher affinity than K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Spectroscopy data from NMR HSQC assays suggest significant binding specificity of the suppressor protein to the ASCC2 CUE domain. This study shows the potentiality of developing specific artificial suppressors for ALKBH3-ASCC that can combat chemotherapy resistance and increase positive outcomes in cancer patients.
Scandal, Silence, and the Crown How Princess Margaret and Princess Diana Reshaped the Modern British Monarchy
Abstract: This paper analyzes how royal scandal shaped the transformation of the modern British monarchy through a comparison of Princess Margaret and Diana, Princess of Wales. Using primary sources such as parliamentary debates, press coverage, palace statements, and Andrew Morton’s recorded interviews, it argues that their experiences mark a critical shift in how the monarchy maintained legitimacy. Princess Margaret’s relationship with Peter Townsend unfolded within a system defined by press restraint, Anglican doctrine, and close coordination between the Crown and government. Through silence and moral framing, the monarchy contained scandal and reinforced its authority. In contrast, Diana’s life and death occurred within a global media environment that emphasized visibility and emotional connection. Her public testimony and humanitarian work challenged traditional royal expectations, while the response to her death revealed a gap between institutional practice and public sentiment. This study demonstrates that scandal acted as a force of change, compelling the monarchy to adapt to new cultural expectations. Margaret represents the final success of controlled narrative, while Diana reflects the emergence of an emotional model of monarchy grounded in public engagement.
Representation in Counseling within Higher-Education
Abstract: There is a documented underrepresentation of minority groups in college counseling services. The underrepresentation often presents additional problems for clients of minority groups. Historically, marginalized groups have experienced and continue to experience racial injustices and differences when seeking mental health services. In addition, there is evidence that an individual who has not experienced the same racial injustice may not as fully understand these injustices and differences. Underrepresentation in counseling can result in unequal opportunities for individuals to receive culturally-response care.The purpose of this study is to outline the nature and scope of the current situation, and just as importantly, raise awareness and the need to practically address an overlooked problem that deeply affects minorities. Raising awareness through research, discussion, and recommended best practices can provide steps to potentially change this problem. The method of research employed was a literature review of scholarly articles and peer-reviewed journals, a synthesizing discussion, followed by an outline of best practices and recommendations.
Shaping Odor Perception: The Impact of Operant Conditioning in Training Olfactory Discrimination in Rats
Abstract: The objective of the current research is to determine whether rodents (Sprague-Dawley rats) can discriminate between trained scents, novel scents, and varying doses of each scent. Understanding scent discrimination is important for future research on multiple-context training, a methodology in which learning occurs across multiple environments or with varied stimuli, such as different odors. This approach has practical relevance because African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys ansorgei) are widely used in humanitarian detection efforts due to their strong olfactory abilities and trainability, including detecting landmines, tuberculosis in human sputum samples, and illegally trafficked wildlife products. Subjects were first trained to press a lever under a fixed ratio 1 (FR 1) schedule, which gradually increased to an FR 10 schedule. After demonstrating consistent performance at FR 10, subjects entered the discrimination training phase, during which a specific lever was assigned as correct for the rosemary scent. Once performance criteria were met, generally at least 80% correct responses and fewer than five incorrect lever presses per session, testing phases began. Testing involved evaluating carrier oils to identify an appropriate diluent for rosemary oil, followed by sessions using different dilutions to generate a dose–response curve. A novel scent was then introduced using the same procedure. Results show that subjects successfully acquired olfactory discrimination within an average of 30 days and exhibited a clear dose-dependent response to rosemary oil concentrations, with full substitution at 100% concentration (81.1%), partial substitution at 90% (61.9%), 50% (58.1%), and 10% (25.5%), and no substitution at 0% rosemary (16.7%).
Mitigation of Memory Vulnerabilties, Necessary Shift to Memory Safe Programming Languages
Abstract: The research conducted for this paper seeks to address the concerns of memory vulnerabilities that have been present in systems and applications for many decades. The most common of these memory vulnerabilities that are frequently exploited are buffer overflows, use after free, use of uninitialized memory, and double free vulnerabilities. Memory vulnerabilities are of great concern as they are incredibly common in many systems. According to Common Vulnerability Exposures (CVEs) about 70 percent of Microsoft’s vulnerabilities are memory safety vulnerabilities (CISA, 2023, p. 4). A number of methods are currently in place to mitigate the prevalence and impact of memory vulnerabilities, but these are not enough to solve memory issues that are already prevalent in systems. New approaches advocate for the use of memory safe programming languages, and potentially hardware that utilizes built in protections against memory vulnerabilities. Memory safe programming languages outright prevent the occurrence of memory vulnerabilities, but often impose significant overhead with features like automatic garbage collection. However, some memory safe programming languages like Rust have very little overhead costs and can even be suitable for systems level programming. Many governing organizations like CISA, NSA, and FBI recommend that developers formulate a plan to transition to using memory safe programming languages wherever possible. In this proposed roadmap it is integral to consider a number of factors such as when memory safe languages will be implemented, what language(s) will be used, transparency, and developer training. By using memory safe programming languages over memory unsafe ones we greatly reduce the amount of malicious attacks on systems and make it significantly more expensive for malicious actors to compromise these systems.
On the Interpretation of Constitutional Law
Abstract: This project endeavors to discuss the two main modes of Constitutional Interpretation as personified by two giants of the American legal tradition. On one side stands the late justice Antonin Scalia, a stalwart defender of a textualist and originalist interpretation of the Constitution. On the other stands the late professor Ronald Dworkin, one of the most influential legal philosophers of the 20th century, advocating for legal integralism. These two modes of interpretation are fundamentally juxtaposed. The former insists upon an unbiased reading of the laws as written, hence textualism, and adjudication based upon such an understanding of the law. The latter relies upon the judge using his morality to determine the proper interpretation of law, and reinterpreting the law if necessary, to best serve the common good. It need not be overstated that understanding these two schools of interpretation, and which serves the discipline of Constitutional Law better, are of utmost importance, not only for attorneys and judges, but indeed the nation as a whole. A proper, or improper, interpretation of our nation’s founding document may spell a dramatic change in the life of every American, one need look no further than cases the likes of Brown v. Board, Obergefell v. Hodges, or Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization for examples of this phenomenon. It is crucial, therefore, to discern which of the two camps better interprets our Constitution.
The Correlation of Joint Imbalances within Female Athletes to Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Abstract: Joint and ligament injuries are a significant concern amongst athletes, affecting performance, career goals, and health. Although both males and females experience these injuries, it is known that female athletes are more prone to them, especially anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. With this pattern, it can be inferred that there are mechanisms due to biological and anatomical differences that make female athletes more susceptible. Contributing factors have been studied in relation to female athletes and ACL injury, but specific connections between biology and anatomy leading to susceptibility are still being researched. This study focused on joint range of motion (ROM) imbalances and asymmetry within female athletes and their correlation to ACL injuries and susceptibility. A survey was utilized to first gather information from a student-athlete population at Mount St. Mary’s University. Measurements were then taken on a smaller group of female student-athletes, where hip, knee, and ankle joint ROM were measured with a goniometer and the Y balance test (YBT) was performed to calculate overall bilateral strength, flexibility, and stability. The results of the YBT deemed the athletes to be functionally bilaterally balanced, but when the ROM of the ankle and hip joints within the athletes were analyzed separately, more specific differences and bilateral imbalances were found. We concluded that the YBT alone is not sufficient in solely predicting potential risk of ACL injury but supplementing it by looking at the ROM of specific joints and comparing bilaterally can provide a deeper understanding of the athlete’s body, balance, and symmetry. A literature review of biomechanical differences between male and female athletes provides context for the patterns observed in the present study. Understanding how the hip, knee, and ankle joints move and function as a system, and comparing the ROM and strength of joints bilaterally is crucial in predicting, preventing, and rehabilitating ACL injury in female athletes.
The Math Behind the Mount: An Architectural Glimpse into the University's Connection to Christendom - Chapel of the Immaculate Conception
Abstract: The goal of this project is to research one of Mount St. Mary’s most striking structures, the Chapel of the Immaculate Conception, with research broken into three categories. The first part will delve into the history, symbolism, and tradition infused into church architecture, examining particular architectural and artistic elements incorporated into sacred spaces and how these styles link the physical with the spiritual. The second point of emphasis will be focused on the Chapel of the Immaculate Conception itself, connecting traditional architectural components at play throughout millennia embodied specifically in this chapel, a discussion of what those choices hope to suggest, with a glimpse into its origins. The third category of research will outline the mathematical methods and concepts used in traditional church architecture applied to the Mount’s chapel. Emphasis will be placed on the rose windows and their relationship with the mathematical concepts of Steiner chains and circular inversion, with an examination of how dimensions, proportions, and ratios of the chapel itself connect to fundamental mathematical concepts found in geometry. Each aspect discussed will provide further reflection about how the mathematical and architectural precision in sacred spaces reveals the underlying order, harmony, and divinity that exists in creation.
